Treasure+Hunt+Leyre+Poza

This page has been created by Leyre Poza.

=1. What marks the differences between a civil and a religious building?=

The main difference between them is that Civil buildings were used to protect the city, to justice, to political issues and also to have a secure place look what was happening around the town and Religious buildings were built to pray and to worship God.

=2. Make a list of the most important civil buildings and another of the most important religious buildings in the city that you can still see today.=

//-Civil Buildings:// Ribat The Muslim Wall of Madrid The Christian Wall of Madrid Moreira's Neighborhood Cisnero´s House House and tower of "Los Lujanes" Cava Alta Street Cava Baja Street Alamillo Squeare Santa Catalina de los Donados Hospital Lavapies jewish quarter

//-Religious Buildings:// San Andrés Parish San Nicolas de los Servitas Church San Pedro el viejo Church San Gines Parish San miguel de los Ochotes Church Santa Cruz Parish San Martin Monastery

Answer the following questions for each of the buildings that you mention on your list.
=3. What function did the civil buildings have? What were they used for?=

 **Ribat:** It was a fortifield area constructed to avoid being invaded. I t has two used. One it was like a fortress and checkpoint and the other used was like a muslim monastery used to pray.


 * The Muslim Wall of Madrid:**  It was built to Protect Muslim almudaina or citadel, on the site now occupied by the real palace. Also to defend the mosque, the Alcazar and the house of the Emir or gebernador.


 * The Christian Wall of Madrid:** It was used to give new life to neighborhoods that emerged after the Reconquest.


 * Moreira's Neighborhood:** The wall was a building that helped the Muslims to defend themselves and alowed to complete the watchtower that were expanded from Somosierra and Guadarrama to let them know when the Christians were coming from The North of the Iberian Peninsula so they could defend th city of Toledo.

**Cisnero´s House:** It is used as a hotel of four stars. It served as a prison by Antonio Pérez, a secretary of the king Felipe II; and the count of Romanones was born here. It had as residents the generals Narváez and Polavieja.


 * House and tower of "Los Lujanes"** **:** This house has been the residence of a lot of improtant people, such as Francis I, Fernando and Diego the Lujan... etc, It has been also the seat of some improtant things such as the  Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences, and the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Naturals Sciences, and more. This building was one of the highest buildings in the capital and it has an interesting gothic facade.


 * Cava Alta Street:** It was the street paralel with the other street Cava Baja.


 * Cava Baja Street:** It was the street paralel with Cava Alta.


 * Alamillo Square:**  It was built by the muslims because they wnated to create some things; tehy settled the justice, a building for live and also the townhall.


 * Santa Catalina de los Donados Hospital:** It was a hospital. The people went there to be save.


 * Lavapies** **Jewish Quarter:** It was the neighborhoods where the inmigrants and mostly the jews lived.

=4. What function did the religious buildings have? What were they used for?=


 * San Andrés Parish:** This parish was constructed to pay tribute to the apostle St. Andres and for praise him.


 * San Nicolas de los Servitas Church:** It was built as a parish, but during the independence war it was used to storege the weapons, later it was used as cuartel,warehouse,and as the acting hall of the Royal Band.


 * San Pedro el Viejo Church:** It was constructed to pray.


 * San Gines Parish:** It is used to catholic Mass.


 * San Miguel de los Ochotes Parish :** It was built to pray an to conffered to God.


 * Santa Cruz Parish:** The parish was built to commemorate the victory of Las Navas de Tolosa.


 * San Martín Monastery:** I t was built to serve as parish or convent.

=5. Who ordered and paid for the construction of the civil buildings? Why?=

 **Ribat:** The Emir Muhammad I ordered it construction.


 * The Muslim Wall of Madrid:**  The Muslims ordered it construction. It was constructed to defend Muslim almudaina or citadel, also to defend the mosque, the Alcazar and the house of the Emir or gebernador.


 * The Christian Wall of Madrid:** The Muslims ordered it construction.


 * Moreira's Neighborhood:** The wall was built by the Muslims.

**Cisnero´s House:** It was built by  Benito Jiménez of Cisneros, and the restorations by Luis Bellido y Gonzalez and Felipe Trigo.


 * House and Tower of " Los Lujanes":** We don´t know the author.


 * Alamillo Square:**  The Muslims ordered it construction.


 * Santa Catalina de los Donados Hospital:** It was sent to built by Pedro Fernandez. For attending old men.

=6. Who ordered and paid for the construction of the religious buildings? Why?=


 * San Andrés Parish:** Lopez de salazar built a chapel where it is today over this parish.


 * San Nicolas de los Servitas Church:** We dont know who ordered to built it, but as it was named in the Fuero of 1202 probably it was ordered by some muslim monarch or governor.


 * San Pedro el Viejo Church:** It was constructed by Francisco Sanz. It was problably built on a mosque.


 * San Gines Parish:** We don´t know who constructed, but it was bear 3 fires.


 * San Miguel de los Ochotes Parish:** We don´t know who constructed, but It was order to rebuilt by the Cardinal Infante Luis Antonio de Borbón y Farnesio and it was rebuilt by Santiago Bonavia.


 * Santa Cruz Parish:** It was ordered to built by Alfonso VIII.


 * San Martín Monastery:** It was told to built by Alfonso VII. It was rebuilt by the command of Gaspar Ordoñez and it was rebuilt by Fernando Arbos.

Considering the buildings that you have studied, write a small composition (10 lines) in which you explain:
=1. In what ways society organized in Madrid during the Middle Ages?= =2. What did the people who built the buildings hope to show with their structures?= =3.What role did religion play during the Middle Ages? Was it a private and personal matter? Or, was it related to social status?=

==Give your personal opinion, but support it using the buildings and exampled what you have studied to defend your ideas.==

During the Middle Ages the society in Madrid was organized into two states: The privileged state, they were the nobles and the clergy, and the non-privileged state, they were the workers (peasants, merchants, traders, etc).

All these buildings were told to built by rich people because they had the necessary money for paid it, and also some nobles make their houses in those buildings than after have been used to important things. There was a big difference between the two groups; so the rich people ordered the construction of those buildings to show that they had a lot of money and also to being included in important things, ( goverment or things of the church).

The religion played a very important role during this Ages. There were too many churches and monasteries to pray to God. Some examples of churches and monasteries in Madrid were and are: San Nicolas Church, San Pedro el Viejo Church, San Andrés Church, San Martín Monastery, Santa Cruz Parish, etc. The religion was not a private matter. It´s true that too many people believed in God in comparation with nowadays, but there were some exceptions. Some people killed other people because they did not believe in their same God. I also think that the rich people had more rigths and power over the church than the non-rich people. The rich people could pay to the priests, abbots, monks, etc, to do what they wanted to.